Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a procedure that produces a three-dimensional image of bodily tissues using a combination of high-powered magnets and radio waves. The large magnets are used to realign hydrogen atoms in your body (temporarily) which then resonate with the radio waves to produce a signal used to create the three-dimensional model. You can then look at any given part of the body in cross sections, slice by slice, similar to cutting slices of a banana.
Most common uses.
MRI’s are frequently used to detect malignant tumors and aneurisms in the brain but can be very effectively used to identify many other issues such as torn cartilage and ligaments, abnormalities in spinal disks, abnormalities in the size of cardiac chambers and potential blockages of arteries and veins, and tumors throughout the body in bone and soft tissue.
Advantages.
It displays images of soft tissue structures better then any other technique.
No radiation, safe for babies, and pregnant women.
Takes images from multiple planes without a need for repositioning.
Displays blood circulation, which allows detection of issues related to veins and arteries.
Disadvantages.
Takes place in enclosed space that causes many people to feel claustrophobic.
Not safe for patients with metal implants, usually safe but requires strict following of safety guidelines.
Involve really loud noises while processing.
Machines are expensive.
Time consuming process that requires specialized technicians and locations.
New Research
New technologies are emerging around the machines themselves. Allowing for more clarity in images and quicker imaging time.
Another new development is in contrast agent that can be used to help differentiate between fast and slow growing cancer cells allowing for treatments to target areas more effectively.